| V-3062 | High | Network devices must be configured to ensure passwords are not viewable when displaying configuration information. | Many attacks on information systems and network devices are launched from within the network. Hence, it is imperative that all passwords are encrypted so they cannot be intercepted by viewing the... |
| V-3012 | High | Network devices must be password protected. | Network access control mechanisms interoperate to prevent unauthorized access and to enforce the organization's security policy. Access to the network must be categorized as administrator, user,... |
| V-5626 | High | The switch must be configured to use 802.1x authentication on host facing access switch ports. | The IEEE 802.1x standard is a client-server based access control and authentication protocol that restricts unauthorized clients from connecting to a local area network through host facing switch... |
| V-4582 | High | The network device must require authentication for console access. | Network devices with no password for administrative access via the console provide the opportunity for anyone with physical access to the device to make configuration changes enabling them to... |
| V-3175 | High | The network device must require authentication prior to establishing a management connection for administrative access. | Network devices with no password for administrative access via a management connection provide the opportunity for anyone with network access to the device to make configuration changes enabling... |
| V-3210 | High | The network device must not use the default or well-known SNMP community strings public and private. | Network devices may be distributed by the vendor pre-configured with an SNMP agent using the well-known SNMP community strings public for read only and private for read and write authorization. An... |
| V-3196 | High | The network device must use SNMP Version 3 Security Model with FIPS 140-2 validated cryptography for any SNMP agent configured on the device. | SNMP Versions 1 and 2 are not considered secure. Without the strong authentication and privacy that is provided by the SNMP Version 3 User-based Security Model (USM), an unauthorized user can gain... |
| V-15434 | High | The emergency administration account must be set to an appropriate authorization level to perform necessary administrative functions when the authentication server is not online. | The emergency administration account is to be configured as a local account on the network devices. It is to be used only when the authentication server is offline or not reachable via the... |
| V-3056 | High | Group accounts must not be configured for use on the network device. | Group accounts configured for use on a network device do not allow for accountability or repudiation of individuals using the shared account. If group accounts are not changed when someone leaves... |
| V-3143 | High | Network devices must not have any default manufacturer passwords. | Network devices not protected with strong password schemes provide the opportunity for anyone to crack the password thus gaining access to the device and causing network outage or denial of... |
| V-3069 | Medium | Management connections to a network device must be established using secure protocols with FIPS 140-2 validated cryptographic modules. | Administration and management connections performed across a network are inherently dangerous because anyone with a packet sniffer and access to the right LAN segment can acquire the network... |
| V-31285 | Medium | Network devices must authenticate all BGP peers within the same or between autonomous systems (AS). | As specified in RFC 793, TCP utilizes sequence checking to ensure proper ordering of received packets. RFC 793 also specifies that RST (reset) control flags should be processed immediately,... |
| V-15432 | Medium | Network devices must use two or more authentication servers for the purpose of granting administrative access. | The use of Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) affords the best methods for controlling user access, authorization levels, and activity logging. By enabling AAA on the routers in... |
| V-5646 | Medium | The network device must drop half-open TCP connections through filtering thresholds or timeout periods. | A TCP connection consists of a three-way handshake message sequence. A connection request is transmitted by the originator, an acknowledgement is returned from the receiver, and then an acceptance... |
| V-3014 | Medium | The network devices must timeout management connections for administrative access after 10 minutes or less of inactivity. | Terminating an idle session within a short time period reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized personnel to take control of a management session enabled between the managed network... |
| V-14669 | Medium | Network devices must have BSDr commands disabled. | Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) "r" commands allow users to execute commands on remote systems using a variety of protocols. The BSD "r" commands (e.g., rsh, rlogin, rcp, rdump, rrestore, and... |
| V-14668 | Medium | FTP servers on the device must be disabled. | The additional services enabled on a router increases the risk for an attack since the router will listen for these services. In addition, these services provide an unsecured method for an... |
| V-5628 | Medium | A dedicated management VLAN or VLANs must be configured to keep management traffic separate from user data and control plane traffic. | All ports, including the internal sc0 interface, are configured by default to be members of VLAN 1. In a VLAN-based network, switches use VLAN 1 as the default VLAN for in-band management and to... |
| V-5624 | Medium | The ISSO/NSO will ensure if 802.1x Port Authentication is implemented, re-authentication must occur every 60 minutes. | Eliminating unauthorized access to the network from inside the enclave is vital to keeping a network secure. Internal access to the private network is enabled by simply connecting a workstation or... |
| V-5622 | Medium | The native VLAN must be assigned to a VLAN ID other than the default VLAN for all 802.1q trunk links. | VLAN hopping can be initiated by an attacker who has access to a switch port belonging to the same VLAN as the native VLAN of the trunk link connecting to another switch in which the victim is... |
| V-14693 | Medium | The network device must be configured to ensure IPv6 Site Local Unicast addresses are not defined in the enclave, (FEC0::/10). Note that this consist of all addresses that begin with FEC, FED, FEE and FEF. | As currently defined, site local addresses are ambiguous and can be present in multiple sites. The address itself does not contain any indication of the site to which it belongs. The use of... |
| V-18566 | Medium | The switch must only allow a maximum of one registered MAC address per access port. | Limiting the number of registered MAC addresses on a switch access port can help prevent a CAM table overflow attack. This type of attack lets an attacker exploit the hardware and memory... |
| V-14671 | Medium | Network devices must authenticate all NTP messages received from NTP servers and peers. | Since NTP is used to ensure accurate log file time stamp information, NTP could pose a security risk if a malicious user were able to falsify NTP information. To launch an attack on the NTP... |
| V-3971 | Medium | VLAN 1 must not be used for user VLANs. | In a VLAN-based network, switches use VLAN 1 as the default VLAN for in-band management and to communicate with other networking devices using Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP), Cisco Discovery... |
| V-17835 | Medium | Traffic entering the tunnels is not restricted to only the authorized management packets based on destination address. | Similar to the OOBM model, when the production network is managed in-band, the management network could also be housed at a NOC that is located locally or remotely at a single or multiple... |
| V-17834 | Medium | An inbound ACL is not configured for the management network sub-interface of the trunk link to block non-management traffic.
| If the management systems reside within the same layer 2 switching domain as the managed network elements, then separate VLANs will be deployed to provide separation at that level. In this case,... |
| V-17833 | Medium | The ISSO will ensure that only authorized management traffic is forwarded by the multi-layer switch from the production or managed VLANs to the management VLAN. | If the management systems reside within the same Layer 2 switching domain as the managed network elements, then separate VLANs will be deployed to provide separation at that level. In this case,... |
| V-17832 | Medium | The management VLAN must be configured with an IP address from the management network address block. | If the management systems reside within the same layer 2 switching domain as the managed network device, then separate VLANs will be deployed to provide separation at that level. In this case, the... |
| V-30744 | Medium | L2TPv3 sessions must be authenticated prior to transporting traffic. | L2TPv3 sessions can be used to transport layer-2 protocols across an IP backbone. These protocols were intended for link-local scope only and are therefore less defended and not as well-known. As... |
| V-3160 | Medium | Network devices must be running a current and supported operating system with all IAVMs addressed. | Network devices not running the latest tested and approved versions of software are vulnerable to network attacks. Running the most current, approved version of system and device software helps... |
| V-18790 | Medium | Default routes must not be directed to the tunnel entry point. | Routing in the network containing the tunnel entry point must be configured to direct the intended traffic into the tunnel. Depending on the router products used this may be done by creating... |
| V-3969 | Medium | Network devices must only allow SNMP read-only access. | Enabling write access to the device via SNMP provides a mechanism that can be exploited by an attacker to set configuration variables that can disrupt network operations. |
| V-5611 | Medium | The network devices must only allow management connections for administrative access from hosts residing in the management network. | Remote administration is inherently dangerous because anyone with a sniffer and access to the right LAN segment could acquire the device account and password information. With this intercepted... |
| V-3967 | Medium | The network devices must time out access to the console port at 10 minutes or less of inactivity. | Terminating an idle session within a short time period reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized personnel to take control of a management session enabled on the console or console port... |
| V-3966 | Medium | In the event the authentication server is unavailable, the network device must have a single local account of last resort defined. | Authentication for administrative access to the device is required at all times. A single account of last resort can be created on the device's local database for use in an emergency such as when... |
| V-17824 | Medium | The management interface is an access switchport and has not been assigned to a separate management VLAN. | The OOBM access switch will connect to the management interface of the managed network elements. The management interface can be a true OOBM interface or a standard interface functioning as the... |
| V-17826 | Medium | The access switchport connecting to the OOBM access switch is not the only port with membership to the management VLAN. | The OOBM access switch will connect to the management interface of the managed network elements. The management interface can be a true OOBM interface or a standard interface functioning as the... |
| V-17821 | Medium | The network devices OOBM interface must be configured with an OOBM network address. | The OOBM access switch will connect to the management interface of the managed network device. The management interface of the managed network device will be directly connected to the OOBM... |
| V-17822 | Medium | The network devices management interface must be configured with both an ingress and egress ACL. | The OOBM access switch will connect to the management interface of the managed network device. The management interface can be a true OOBM interface or a standard interface functioning as the... |
| V-19188 | Medium | The network device must have control plane protection enabled. | The Route Processor (RP) is critical to all network operations as it is the component used to build all forwarding paths for the data plane via control plane processes. It is also instrumental... |
| V-14717 | Medium | The network device must not allow SSH Version 1 to be used for administrative access. | SSH Version 1 is a protocol that has never been defined in a standard. Since SSH-1 has inherent design flaws which make it vulnerable to attacks, e.g., man-in-the-middle attacks, it is now... |
| V-30577 | Medium | The administrator must ensure that Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) is disabled on all interfaces that are not required to support multicast routing. | A scope zone is an instance of a connected region of a given scope. Zones of the same scope cannot overlap while zones of a smaller scope will fit completely within a zone of a larger scope. For... |
| V-17815 | Medium | IGP instances configured on the OOBM gateway router do not peer only with their appropriate routing domain. | If the gateway router is not a dedicated device for the OOBM network, several safeguards must be implemented for containment of management and production traffic boundaries. Since the managed... |
| V-17814 | Medium | Gateway configuration at the remote VPN end-point is a not a mirror of the local gateway | The IPSec tunnel end points may be configured on the OOBM gateway routers connecting the managed network and the NOC. They may also be configured on a firewall or VPN concentrator located behind... |
| V-17817 | Medium | Traffic from the managed network is able to access the OOBM gateway router | If the gateway router is not a dedicated device for the OOBM network, several safeguards must be implemented for containment of management and production traffic boundaries. It is imperative that... |
| V-17816 | Medium | The routes from the two IGP domains are redistributed to each other. | If the gateway router is not a dedicated device for the OOBM network, several safeguards must be implemented for containment of management and production traffic boundaries. Since the managed... |
| V-17819 | Medium | Management network traffic must not leak onto the managed network. | If the gateway router is not a dedicated device for the OOBM network, several safeguards must be implemented for containment of management and production traffic boundaries. To provide separation,... |
| V-17818 | Medium | Traffic from the managed network will leak into the management network via the gateway router interface connected to the OOBM backbone. | If the gateway router is not a dedicated device for the OOBM network, several safeguards must be implemented for containment of management and production traffic boundaries such as using interface... |
| V-30578 | Medium | The administrator must ensure that a PIM neighbor filter is bound to all interfaces that have PIM enabled. | Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) is a routing protocol used to build multicast distribution tress for forwarding multicast traffic across the network infrastructure. PIM traffic must be... |
| V-3057 | Medium | Authorized accounts must be assigned the least privilege level necessary to perform assigned duties. | By not restricting authorized accounts to their proper privilege level, access to restricted functions may be allowed before authorized personnel are trained or experienced enough to use those... |
| V-15288 | Medium | ISATAP tunnels must terminate at an interior router. | ISATAP is an automatic tunnel mechanism that does not provide authentication such as IPSec. As a result of this limitation, ISATAP is thought of as a tool that is used inside the enclave among... |
| V-3058 | Medium | Unauthorized accounts must not be configured for access to the network device. | A malicious user attempting to gain access to the network device may compromise an account that may be unauthorized for use. The unauthorized account may be a temporary or inactive account that... |
| V-3043 | Medium | The network device must use different SNMP community names or groups for various levels of read and write access. | Numerous vulnerabilities exist with SNMP; therefore, without unique SNMP community names, the risk of compromise is dramatically increased. This is especially true with vendors default community... |
| V-3013 | Medium | Network devices must display the DoD-approved logon banner warning. | All network devices must present a DoD-approved warning banner prior to a system administrator logging on. The banner should warn any unauthorized user not to proceed. It also should provide clear... |
| V-3984 | Medium | Access switchports must not be assigned to the native VLAN. | Double encapsulation can be initiated by an attacker who has access to a switch port belonging to the native VLAN of the trunk port. Knowing the victim's MAC address and with the victim attached... |
| V-18545 | Medium | The SA will ensure a packet filter is implemented to filter the enclave traffic to and from printer VLANs to allow only print traffic. | A firewall rule set can filter network traffic within the printer VLAN to only expected printer protocols. The SA managing the local enclave should identify the printer port traffic within the... |
| V-3021 | Medium | Network devices must only allow SNMP access from addresses belonging to the management network. | Detailed information about the network is sent across the network via SNMP. If this information is discovered by attackers it could be used to trace the network, show the networks topology, and... |
| V-5613 | Medium | The network device must be configured for a maximum number of unsuccessful SSH logon attempts set at 3 before resetting the interface. | An attacker may attempt to connect to the device using SSH by guessing the authentication method and authentication key or shared secret. Setting the authentication retry to 3 or less strengthens... |
| V-5612 | Medium | The network devices must be configured to timeout after 60 seconds or less for incomplete or broken SSH sessions. | An attacker may attempt to connect to the device using SSH by guessing the authentication method, encryption algorithm, and keys. Limiting the amount of time allowed for authenticating and... |
| V-18522 | Medium | Server VLAN interfaces must be protected by restrictive ACLs using a deny-by-default security posture. | Protecting data sitting in a server VLAN is necessary and can be accomplished using access control lists on VLANs provisioned for servers. Without proper access control of traffic entering or... |
| V-18523 | Medium | The IAO will ensure the Server Farm infrastructure is secured by ACLs on VLAN interfaces that restrict data originating from one server farm segment destined to another server farm segment. | ACLs on VLAN interfaces do not protect against compromised servers. The Server farm vlans need to protect the servers located on one subnet from servers located on another subnet. Protecting a... |
| V-3085 | Medium | Network devices must have HTTP service for administrative access disabled. | The additional services that the router is enabled for increases the risk for an attack since the router will listen for these services. In addition, these services provide an unsecured method for... |
| V-3081 | Medium | IP source routing must be disabled. | Source routing is a feature of IP, whereby individual packets can specify routes. This feature is used in several different network attacks by bypassing perimeter and internal defense mechanisms. |
| V-28784 | Medium | A service or feature that calls home to the vendor must be disabled. | Call home services or features will routinely send data such as configuration and diagnostic information to the vendor for routine or emergency analysis and troubleshooting. The risk that... |
| V-30660 | Medium | The administrator must ensure the 6-to-4 router is configured to drop any IPv4 packets with protocol 41 received from the internal network. | The 6to4 specific filters accomplish the role of endpoint verification and provide assurance that the tunnels are being used properly. This primary guidance assumes that only the designated 6to4... |
| V-3034 | Medium | Network devices must authenticate all IGP peers. | A rogue router could send a fictitious routing update to convince a site's premise router to send traffic to an incorrect or even a rogue destination. This diverted traffic could be analyzed to... |
| V-5623 | Medium | Port trunking must be disabled on all access ports (do not configure trunk on, desirable, non-negotiate, or auto--only off). | Double encapsulation can be initiated by an attacker who has access to a switch port belonging to the native VLAN of the trunk port. Knowing the victims MAC address and with the victim attached to... |
| V-14707 | Medium | The network element must be configured from accepting any outbound IP packet that contains an illegitimate address in the source address field via egress ACL or by enabling Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding in an IPv6 enclave. | Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding (uRPF) provides a mechanism for IP address spoof protection. When uRPF is enabled on an interface, the router examines all packets received as input on that... |
| V-17754 | Medium | IPSec tunnels used to transit management traffic must be restricted to only the authorized management packets based on destination and source IP address. | The Out-of-Band Management (OOBM) network is an IP network used exclusively for the transport of OAM&P data from the network being managed to the OSS components located at the NOC. Its design... |
| V-3008 | Medium | The IAO will ensure IPSec VPNs are established as tunnel type VPNs when transporting management traffic across an ip backbone network. | Using dedicated paths, the OOBM backbone connects the OOBM gateway routers located at the premise of the managed networks and at the NOC. Dedicated links can be deployed using provisioned... |
| V-14681 | Low | The network device must use its loopback interface address as the source address for all iBGP peering sessions. | Using a loopback address as the source address offers a multitude of uses for security, access, management, and scalability. It is easier to construct appropriate filters for control plane... |
| V-3079 | Low | Network devices must have the Finger service disabled. | The Finger service supports the UNIX Finger protocol, which is used for querying a host about the users that are logged on. This service is not necessary for generic users. If an attacker were to... |
| V-3070 | Low | Network devices must log all attempts to establish a management connection for administrative access. | Audit logs are necessary to provide a trail of evidence in case the network is compromised. Without an audit trail that provides a when, where, who and how set of information, repeat offenders... |
| V-3072 | Low | The running configuration must be synchronized with the startup configuration after changes have been made and implemented. | If the running and startup router configurations are not synchronized properly and a router malfunctions, it will not restart with all of the recent changes incorporated. If the recent changes... |
| V-30617 | Low | Network devices must have a maximum hop limit of at least 32. | The Neighbor Discovery protocol allows a hop limit value to be advertised by routers in a Router Advertisement message to be used by hosts instead of the standardized default value. If a very... |
| V-4584 | Low | The network device must log all messages except debugging and send all log data to a syslog server. | Logging is a critical part of router security. Maintaining an audit trail of system activity logs (syslog) can help identify configuration errors, understand past intrusions, troubleshoot service... |
| V-14672 | Low | The network device must use its loopback or OOB management interface address as the source address when originating authentication services traffic. | Using a loopback address as the source address offers a multitude of uses for security, access, management, and scalability of routers. It is easier to construct appropriate ingress filters for... |
| V-14673 | Low | The network device must use its loopback or OOB management interface address as the source address when originating syslog traffic. | Using a loopback address as the source address offers a multitude of uses for security, access, management, and scalability of routers. It is easier to construct appropriate ingress filters for... |
| V-14674 | Low | The network device must use its loopback or OOB management interface address as the source address when originating NTP traffic. | Using a loopback address as the source address offers a multitude of uses for security, access, management, and scalability of routers. It is easier to construct appropriate ingress filters for... |
| V-3972 | Low | VLAN 1 must be pruned from all trunk and access ports that do not require it. | VLAN 1 is a special VLAN that tags and handles most of the control plane traffic such as Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP), Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP), Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP), VLAN... |
| V-3973 | Low | Disabled switch ports must be placed in an unused VLAN (do not use VLAN1). | It is possible that a disabled port that is assigned to a user or management VLAN becomes enabled by accident or by an attacker and as a result gains access to that VLAN as a member. |
| V-17837 | Low | The core router within the managed network has not been configured to provide preferred treatment for management traffic that must traverse several nodes to reach the management network. | When network congestion occurs, all traffic has an equal chance of being dropped.
Prioritization of network management traffic must be implemented to ensure that even during periods of severe... |
| V-17836 | Low | Management traffic is not classified and marked at the nearest upstream MLS or router when management traffic must traverse several nodes to reach the management network. | When network congestion occurs, all traffic has an equal chance of being dropped.
Prioritization of network management traffic must be implemented to ensure that even during periods of severe... |
| V-23747 | Low | Network devices must use at least two NTP servers to synchronize time. | Without synchronized time, accurately correlating information between devices becomes difficult, if not impossible. If logs cannot be successfully compared between each of the routers, switches,... |
| V-17825 | Low | An address has not been configured for the management VLAN from space belonging to the OOBM network assigned to that site. | The OOBM access switch will connect to the management interface of the managed network elements. The management interface can be a true OOBM interface or a standard interface functioning as the... |
| V-17827 | Low | The management VLAN is not pruned from any VLAN trunk links belonging to the managed network’s infrastructure.
| The OOBM access switch will connect to the management interface of the managed network elements. The management interface can be a true OOBM interface or a standard interface functioning as the... |
| V-17823 | Low | The management interface must be configured as passive for the IGP instance deployed in the managed network. | The OOBM access switch will connect to the management interface of the managed network devices. The management interface can be a true OOBM interface or a standard interface functioning as the... |
| V-19189 | Low | The administrator must ensure that multicast routers are configured to establish
boundaries for Admin-local or Site-local scope multicast traffic. | A scope zone is an instance of a connected region of a given scope. Zones of the same scope cannot overlap while zones of a smaller scope will fit completely within a zone of a larger scope. For... |
| V-18544 | Low | Printers must be assigned to a VLAN that is not shared by unlike devices. | Aspects of hardening the network wall plate may include traffic filtering or restrictions on connectivity to enforce a device-, community of interest-, or user-specific security policy. For... |
| V-30736 | Low | The administrator must ensure the 6-to-4 router is configured to drop any outbound IPv6 packets from the internal network with a source address that is not within the 6to4 prefix 2002:V4ADDR::/48 where V4ADDR is the designated IPv4 6to4 address for the enclave. | An automatic 6to4 tunnel allows isolated IPv6 domains to be connected over an IPv4 network and allows connections to remote IPv6 networks. The key difference between this deployment and manually... |
| V-14675 | Low | The network device must use its loopback or OOB management interface address as the source address when originating SNMP traffic. | Using a loopback address as the source address offers a multitude of uses for security, access, management, and scalability of routers. It is easier to construct appropriate ingress filters for... |
| V-14676 | Low | The network device must use its loopback or OOB management interface address as the source address when originating IP Flow/NetFlow traffic. | Using a loopback address as the source address offers a multitude of uses for security, access, management, and scalability of routers. It is easier to construct appropriate ingress filters for... |
| V-14677 | Low | The network device must use its loopback or OOB management interface address as the source address when originating TFTP or FTP traffic. | Using a loopback address as the source address offers a multitude of uses for security, access, management, and scalability of network devices. It is easier to construct appropriate ingress... |
| V-3020 | Low | Network devices must have DNS servers defined if it is configured as a client resolver. | The susceptibility of IP addresses to spoofing translates to DNS host name and IP address mapping vulnerabilities. For example, suppose a source host wishes to establish a connection with a... |
| V-14667 | Low | Network devices must be configured with rotating keys used for authenticating IGP peers that have a duration of 180 days or less. | If the keys used for routing protocol authentication are guessed, the malicious user could create havoc within the network by advertising incorrect routes and redirecting traffic. Changing the... |
| V-7011 | Low | The auxiliary port must be disabled unless it is connected to a secured modem providing encryption and authentication. | The use of POTS lines to modems connecting to network devices provides clear text of authentication traffic over commercial circuits that could be captured and used to compromise the network. ... |
| V-3000 | Low | The network device must log all interface access control lists (ACL) deny statements. | Auditing and logging are key components of any security architecture. It is essential for security personnel to know what is being done, attempted to be done, and by whom in order to compile an... |
